Chapter 18: Considerations in High-Threat and Tactical Settings
- Bachman MW, Anzalone BC, Williams JG, et al. Evaluation of an integrated rescue task force model for active threat response. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019; 23: 309-318.
- Blair JP, Schweit KW. A study of active shooter incidents in the United States between 2000 and 2013. Washington, DC: Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigations, US Department of Justice, 2014.
- Bobko JP, Sinha M, Chen D, et al. A tactical medicine after-action report of the San Bernardino terrorist incident. West J Emerg Med. 2018; 19(2):287-293.
- Butler FK, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical combat casualty care in special operations. Mil Med. 1996;161:1-16.
- Butler FK, Hagmann JH, Richards DT. Management of urban warfare casualties in special operations. Mil Med. 2000;165(suppl 1):1-48.
- Callaway DW, Smith ER, Shapiro G, et al. The Committee for Tactical Emergency Care (C-TECC): evolution and application of TCCC guidelines to civilian high threat medicine. J Spec Oper Med. 2011;11:104-122.
- Cavaliere GA, Alfalasi R, Jasani GN, et al. Terrorist attacks against health care facilities: a review. Health Secur. 2021;19:546-550.
- Eastridge BJ, Mabry RL, Seguin P, et al. Death on the battlefield (2001–2011): implications for the future of combat casualty care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;S431-S437.
- Hirsch M, Carli P, Nizard R, et al. The medical response to multisite terrorist attacks in Paris. Lancet. 2015;386:2535-2538.
- Klassen AB, Marshall M, Dai M, Mann NC, Sztajnkrycer MD. Emergency medical services response to mass shooting and active shooter incidents, United States, 2014–2015. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019;23:159-166.
- Klein Y, Arieli I, Sagiv S, Peleg K, Ben-Galim P. Cervical spine injuries in civilian victims of explosions: should cervical collars be used? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(6):985-988.
- Kotwall RS, Montgomery HR, Kotwal BM, et al. Eliminating preventable death on the battlefield. Arch Surg. 2011;146:1350-1358.
- Patzkowski JC, Blair JA, Schoenfeld AJ, Lehman RA, Hsu JR; the Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium (STReC). Multiple associated injuries are common with spine fractures during war. Spine J. 2012;12(9):791-797.
- Schoenfeld AJ, Lehman RA Jr, Hsu JR. Evaluation and management of combat-related spinal injuries: a review based on recent experiences. Spine J. 2012;12(9):817-823.
- Service Medical du RAID. Tactical emergency medicine: lessons from the Paris marauding terrorist attack. Crit Care. 2016;20:37.
- Smith ER, Shapiro G, Sarani B. The profile of wounding in civilian public mass shooting fatalities. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81:86-92.
- Thompson J, Rehn M, Lossius HM, et al. Risks to emergency medical responders at terrorist incidents: a narrative review of the medical literature. Crit Care. 2014;18:521.
- Tin D, Hart A, Ciottone GR. Hardening hospital defenses as a counter-terrorism medicine measure. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;45:667-668.
- Turner CDA, Lockey DJ, Rehn M. Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review. Crit Care. 2016;20:362.
- Vanderlan WB, Tew BE, McSwain NE Jr. Increased risk of death with cervical spine immobilisation in penetrating cervical trauma. Injury. 2009;40:880-883.
- Velopulos CG, Shihab HM, Lottenberg L, et al. Prehospital spine immobilization/spinal motion restriction in penetrating trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST). J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(5):736-744.
- White CC 4th, Domeier RM, Millin MG; Standards and Clinical Practice Committee, National Association of EMS Physicians. EMS spinal precautions and the use of the long backboard: resource document to the position statement of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18(2):306-314.
Previous: Chapter 17 – Crush and Blast Injuries
Back to Citation Index
Next: Chapter 19 – Pain Control in the Prehospital Setting